From skill shortages to the imperative of diversity and inclusion, we investigate the critical aspects shaping the workforce dynamics in these industries. Finding and retaining talent with the necessary expertise is a significant challenge for many manufacturing companies.'

• Skill Shortages: Addressing the persistent shortage of skilled workers, particularly in advanced areas such as automation, robotics, data analytics and digital technologies.'

• Technological Advancements: Exploring the necessity for continuous upskilling and reskilling of the workforce in response to rapid technological advancements, including IoT devices, AI systems, and advanced machinery.'

• Aging Workforce: Discussing the implications of an aging workforce in manufacturing and the importance of knowledge transfer and succession planning to ensure continuity and innovation within organisations.'